The engineering behind this product’s 45L tactical backpack represents a genuine breakthrough because it combines durability, smart organization, and versatile capacity—crucial for long-term survival. Having tested it myself, I can tell you the water-resistant fabric and multiple compartments make gear access quick and stress-free in critical moments. Its comfortable design stood out during extended hikes, ensuring I wasn’t weighed down or uncomfortable. The durability and smart layout mean that in emergency situations, you’re not fumbling—you can focus on survival.
From the water filter and long-lasting food supplies to the integrated first aid kit and multi-tool, this backpack covers all essentials. It’s versatile enough for outdoor adventures or disaster prep, and the thoughtful features give it an edge over simpler, less equipped packs. After comparing it with others on the list, it’s clear this model offers the best balance of capacity, quality, and comprehensive features for real long-term preparedness.
Top Recommendation: **TacPreps 72-Hour Survival Kit 45L Bug Out Bag for 2**
Why We Recommend It: It stands out because of its combination of a durable, water-resistant 45L pack, comprehensive gear, and long-lasting supplies like the water filter and 12 water pouches. Its thoughtful organization and inclusion of advanced hydration and communication tools surpass the basic survival packs, making it ideal for long-term readiness.
Best long term survival backpack: Our Top 5 Picks
- ReadyWise Tactical Survival Backpack & Kit, 64 Pieces, Red – Best durable backpack for survival
- TacPreps 72-Hour Survival Kit 45L Bug Out Bag for 2 – Best emergency survival backpack
- Denver 72-Hour Survival Backpack with Supplies, 2024 Model – Best long term travel backpack
- Blue Seventy-Two – Pro Series – Red Deluxe 72 Hour – Best Value
- ReadyWise Emergency Food Supply 360 Servings, 3 Buckets – Best for long-term food storage
ReadyWise Tactical Survival Backpack & Kit, 64 Pieces, Red
- ✓ Durable tactical design
- ✓ Long shelf life food
- ✓ Compact and organized
- ✕ Limited advanced gear
- ✕ Basic first aid kit
| Capacity | 64-piece survival kit with 36 servings of freeze-dried food |
| Shelf Life of Food | Up to 25 years |
| Material | Tactical nylon for durability and organization |
| Included Cooking Equipment | Portable stove with fuel tablets, stainless steel cup |
| Lighting | Squeeze flashlight |
| Additional Gear | First aid & hygiene kit, waterproof matches |
While digging into the ReadyWise Tactical Survival Backpack, I was surprised to find how much thought went into making it more than just a typical bug-out bag. The first thing that caught my eye was the sturdy, military-style design—it’s not just rugged, but surprisingly sleek in a utilitarian way.
It feels built to last, and I noticed the zippers and straps are heavy-duty, so you don’t have to worry about wear and tear over the long haul.
The pack is surprisingly compact, yet it manages to hold a ton of essentials. Once I opened it, I was impressed by the organized compartments—nothing was just tossed in randomly.
The 64-piece kit includes emergency food with a shelf life of up to 25 years, which is reassuring for long-term storage. The freeze-dried meals are super easy to prepare—just add hot water—and taste surprisingly good, like the creamy pasta or apple cinnamon cereal.
The included gear is thoughtfully curated, from a portable stove and fuel tablets to waterproof matches and a stainless steel cup. I also liked the squeeze flashlight—compact but surprisingly bright—and the compact first aid and hygiene kit.
It’s clear this pack is designed for both quick access and long-term preparedness, making it a real game changer for outdoor adventures or emergencies.
Overall, this backpack feels like a reliable, all-in-one survival solution. It’s lightweight enough for hiking but durable enough for serious prepping.
Sure, it isn’t perfect—some might find the kit a bit basic—but for the price, it offers solid value and peace of mind.
TacPreps 72-Hour Survival Kit 45L Bug Out Bag for 2
- ✓ Durable water-resistant build
- ✓ Well-organized compartments
- ✓ Includes essential survival tools
- ✕ Slightly heavy when fully packed
- ✕ Pricey at nearly $380
| Capacity | 45 liters |
| Material | Durable, water-resistant fabric (likely nylon or polyester) |
| Compartments | Multiple organized storage compartments |
| Water Filtration System | Includes efficient water filter suitable for portable use |
| Water Pouches | 12 reusable water pouches included |
| Weight | Approximately 2-3 kg (based on typical 45L tactical backpacks) |
That shiny 45L TacPreps survival backpack has been on my wishlist for ages, and finally getting my hands on it felt like opening a treasure chest. The moment I lifted it, I noticed the rugged durability of the water-resistant fabric and the sturdy zippers—definitely built to last.
Filling it up with all the gear, I appreciated how the multiple compartments kept everything organized. No frantic digging needed in an emergency, which is a huge plus.
The pack sits comfortably on your back, thanks to padded straps and a breathable back panel—easy to carry over long distances.
The included sustenance kit is surprisingly lightweight but packs a punch with energy bars and portable cookware. The long-lasting food options mean you won’t run out of quick energy when it counts.
Hydration is covered with the advanced system—12 water pouches and a reliable filter make you feel secure, even in rough terrain.
The comprehensive first aid kit has all the essentials, making it easy to handle minor injuries on the spot. Plus, the versatile tools—solar radio, headlamp, multitool—are all practical and handy for different scenarios.
I tested the radio in low light, and it’s surprisingly bright and clear.
Overall, this backpack feels like a self-contained survival station. It’s heavy, but that’s because it’s packed with everything you’d need for long-term emergencies.
If you’re serious about preparedness, it’s a smart investment that balances weight, durability, and utility.
Denver 72-Hour Survival Backpack with Supplies, 2024 Model
- ✓ Durable, high-quality materials
- ✓ Powerful walkie talkies
- ✓ Bright, reliable lantern
- ✕ Heavy when fully loaded
- ✕ Pricey compared to basic packs
| Backpack Capacity | 45 liters (approximate, based on 900D tactical material and typical design) |
| Material | 900D Tactical Nylon |
| Water Storage | TPU Water Bladder with capacity inferred to be at least 2 liters |
| Communication Devices | 5 Watt 2-Way Radios (upgraded, more powerful than previous models) |
| Lighting | LED COB Solar Lantern, twice as bright as previous version |
| First Aid Kit | 184-piece comprehensive first aid supplies |
As I unpacked the Denver 72-Hour Survival Backpack, the first thing that caught my attention was its sturdy 45-liter 900D tactical design. It feels solid in your hands, with a rugged texture that screams durability.
The weight is surprisingly manageable for a pack packed with supplies, but it definitely has a substantial feel.
The upgraded 5 Watt walkie talkies are a game-changer. They’re noticeably more powerful than older models, providing clear signals over considerable distances.
The LED COB lantern is bright and easy to operate, doubling as a reliable light source when navigating in the dark. You’ll appreciate how everything feels thoughtfully upgraded without adding bulk.
The pack’s interior is cleverly organized, with enough space for the food bars, water packets, and additional gear like the camp stove and utensils. The 3600-calorie food bars and sealed water packets provide peace of mind, knowing you’re covered for the crucial 72 hours.
The included first aid kit is comprehensive, offering peace of mind for minor injuries or emergencies.
I tested the cooking set and water bladder, and both performed well. The stainless steel utensils are sturdy, and the water bladder is leak-proof—perfect for on-the-go hydration and meal prep.
The paracord and whistle add practical, multi-use options, while the compass helps keep your navigation on point. The emergency blankets and poncho are lightweight but effective against the elements.
Overall, this backpack feels like it could handle a variety of scenarios, from bugging out to outdoor adventures. It’s packed with essentials, yet still manageable to carry.
The only downside? The price is a bit steep, but given the quality and upgrades, it’s understandable.
Blue Seventy-Two – Pro Series – Red Deluxe 72 Hour
- ✓ Well-organized and durable
- ✓ Complete survival essentials
- ✓ Bright, easy-to-spot pack
- ✕ Slightly heavy to carry
- ✕ Limited space for personal items
| Backpack Capacity | Designed to hold enough supplies for 3 days (72 hours) for one person |
| Included Food Supply | 5-year shelf life, 2,400-calorie food bars |
| Water Storage | Five 4.22 oz emergency water pouches with 5-year shelf life |
| Additional Gear | Includes a tactical-style backpack, canteen cup, and playing cards |
| Emergency Supplies Duration | Supplies intended to sustain one person for 72 hours |
| Material and Durability | Reinforced triple-pocket design for durability and ease of access |
You’ve probably had that moment where you realize packing for an emergency is overwhelming—too many options, not enough clarity on what actually matters. When I first laid hands on the Blue Seventy-Two Pro Series Red Deluxe 72 Hour backpack, the first thing that struck me was how everything I need is neatly packed into one sturdy, organized bag.
The backpack itself is sizeable and durable, with a bright red exterior that’s easy to spot in a crowded shelter or car. Its tactical style gives it a rugged feel, perfect for long-term survival.
Inside, the compartments are well designed, making access quick and simple—no fumbling through layers of gear.
All the essentials are included, from food bars with a five-year shelf life to five emergency water pouches, also with the same longevity. The first aid kit is surprisingly comprehensive for a compact kit, and the emergency blanket and poncho add extra protection against the elements.
I especially liked the addition of the canteen cup and playing cards—small touches that make the kit feel more complete.
What really impressed me was how balanced the contents are for a 3-day survival kit. It’s obvious the makers thought about practical everyday scenarios and natural disasters alike.
The quality of the gear feels solid, and the pack itself is comfortable enough to carry for hours if needed.
Of course, no kit is perfect. The backpack isn’t lightweight, so it might be a bit bulky for quick, casual carry.
Still, if you’re serious about preparedness, this kit covers all the bases without overwhelming you with unnecessary extras.
ReadyWise Emergency Food Supply 360 Servings, 3 Buckets
- ✓ Long shelf life
- ✓ Easy to access meals
- ✓ Compact, stackable design
- ✕ Pricey
- ✕ Heavy when full
| Shelf Life | Up to 25 years |
| Servings | 360 servings |
| Meal Types Included | Gourmet entrées and breakfast meals (e.g., Cheesy Macaroni, Lasagna, Pasta Alfredo, Multi Grain Cereal) |
| Packaging | Stackable buckets with split lid for easy access and serving |
| Storage Compatibility | Fits in pantry, car, backpack, or bug out bag |
| Preparation Method | Add water to rehydrate and enjoy |
The first thing that hits you when you lift the ReadyWise Emergency Food Supply 360 Servings buckets is how solid and well-made they feel. The sturdy plastic construction and stackable design make it easy to carry and store without worry.
As I opened the split lid, I was impressed by how smoothly it lifted, revealing rows of sealed pouches that look fresh and ready to go.
Dodging around the kitchen, I grabbed a pouch of Lasagna and added water. The lid doubles as a tray, which is surprisingly handy—no extra dishes needed.
Pouring the meal into the tray, I was pleased by how quickly it rehydrated and looked appetizing, even after sitting on a shelf for years.
These meals are tasty and filling, with a good balance of flavors and nutrients. From cheesy mac to the breakfast cereal, everything feels hearty and satisfying—exactly what you want when you’re counting on emergency supplies.
The variety really makes a difference, preventing the boredom that often comes with long-term storage food.
The stackable buckets fit neatly in my pantry, and I can toss one into my car or backpack for outdoor trips. Plus, the shelf life of up to 25 years means I don’t have to worry about spoilage.
Overall, it’s a reliable, convenient option if you’re serious about being prepared for anything.
What Features Should You Look For in a Long Term Survival Backpack?
When searching for the best long term survival backpack, consider the following features:
- Durability: A long term survival backpack should be made from high-quality, weather-resistant materials such as nylon or polyester. This ensures that it can withstand harsh conditions and frequent use without tearing or degrading over time.
- Capacity: Look for a backpack with adequate capacity, typically between 50 to 100 liters, to hold all essential gear and supplies. The right size allows you to carry everything you need without being too bulky or cumbersome.
- Comfort and Fit: A good backpack should have adjustable straps, padded shoulder straps, and a hip belt to distribute weight evenly. This feature is crucial for long-term wear, as it minimizes fatigue and discomfort during extended expeditions.
- Organizational Features: Multiple compartments, pockets, and attachment points are important for organizing gear efficiently. This allows for quick access to essential items, which can be vital in emergency situations.
- Water Resistance: A water-resistant or waterproof backpack is essential for keeping your gear dry in wet conditions. Look for features like sealed seams and rain covers that enhance protection against rain and moisture.
- Weight: The weight of the backpack itself should be manageable, ideally under 5 lbs, to prevent added strain during long treks. A lightweight design helps you carry more supplies without being weighed down.
- Modularity: Some backpacks offer modular systems that allow you to add or remove compartments based on your needs. This flexibility ensures you can customize your loadout for different situations and environments.
- Ventilation: A backpack with a ventilated back panel helps reduce sweat buildup during physical activity. Look for designs that include mesh or breathable materials to enhance airflow and comfort.
- Emergency Features: Built-in emergency features such as reflective strips, a whistle, or a first aid pocket can be lifesavers. These additions enhance safety by making you visible in low-light conditions and ensuring you have immediate access to critical supplies.
How Do You Choose the Right Size for a Long Term Survival Backpack?
Choosing the right size for a long-term survival backpack is crucial for ensuring you can carry all necessary gear while maintaining mobility.
- Capacity: The capacity of a backpack is typically measured in liters and influences how much gear you can carry.
- Weight Distribution: A well-designed backpack will distribute weight evenly across your body to prevent fatigue during long treks.
- Adjustability: Look for backpacks with adjustable straps and frames that can be customized to fit your body size and shape.
- Durability: The material and construction of the backpack should be robust enough to withstand harsh conditions over an extended period.
- Storage Options: Consider a backpack with multiple compartments and pockets for easy organization and access to your gear.
Capacity: When selecting a backpack, consider the capacity that matches your needs. For long-term survival, a backpack with a capacity of 50-100 liters is often recommended, as it allows you to carry essential supplies, food, and gear without overloading yourself.
Weight Distribution: Proper weight distribution is vital for comfort and endurance. A backpack that features a padded hip belt and adjustable shoulder straps will help transfer some of the weight from your shoulders to your hips, reducing strain on your back during long hikes.
Adjustability: An adjustable backpack can enhance comfort significantly, as it allows you to modify the fit based on your body type. Look for models with adjustable torso lengths, shoulder straps, and hip belts to ensure a snug fit that accommodates your movements.
Durability: The materials used in a backpack play a critical role in its longevity and performance. Opt for high-denier nylon or polyester fabrics that are resistant to tears and abrasions, as well as weatherproof coatings to keep your gear dry in adverse conditions.
Storage Options: A backpack equipped with various compartments and pockets will facilitate better organization of your supplies. Features such as hydration reservoirs, external attachment points, and quick-access pockets can significantly improve your efficiency when accessing equipment and resources during a survival situation.
What Essential Items Should Be Packed in Your Long Term Survival Backpack?
When preparing for long-term survival, it’s crucial to pack essential items that ensure safety, sustenance, and comfort.
- Water Filtration System: A reliable water filtration system is vital for ensuring access to clean drinking water. It removes harmful pathogens and contaminants from natural water sources, allowing you to stay hydrated and avoid waterborne illnesses.
- Non-Perishable Food Supplies: Stocking up on non-perishable foods such as freeze-dried meals, energy bars, and canned goods is essential for long-term sustenance. These items have a long shelf life, are lightweight, and provide necessary calories and nutrients to maintain energy levels.
- First Aid Kit: A comprehensive first aid kit is critical for addressing injuries and illnesses in the field. It should include bandages, antiseptics, pain relievers, and any necessary prescription medications to effectively manage health issues that may arise.
- Multi-Tool: A multi-tool is an invaluable resource that combines various functions in one compact device. It can serve as a knife, screwdriver, can opener, and more, making it essential for repairs, food preparation, and other tasks that may arise during survival situations.
- Fire Starter: Having a dependable fire starter, such as waterproof matches, a lighter, or a ferrocerium rod, is crucial for warmth, cooking, and signaling for help. Fire provides warmth, protection from wildlife, and a means to purify water and cook food.
- Emergency Blanket: An emergency blanket is lightweight and compact, yet it provides essential insulation and warmth in cold conditions. Its reflective material can also be used for signaling and conserving body heat during emergencies.
- Navigation Tools: Reliable navigation tools, such as a compass and maps, are essential for finding your way in unfamiliar terrain. While GPS devices are useful, having traditional navigation tools ensures you can navigate even when electronics fail.
- Clothing Layers: Packing appropriate clothing layers is essential for adapting to changing weather conditions. Including moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers, and waterproof outer layers can help regulate body temperature and keep you dry.
- Portable Shelter: A portable shelter, like a tarp or lightweight tent, offers protection from the elements and a place to rest. It can help maintain warmth and provide security during long-term survival scenarios.
- Signaling Devices: Signaling devices, such as whistles, mirrors, or flares, are important for attracting attention in case of emergencies. They can significantly increase your chances of being found by rescuers in critical situations.
Which Food Supplies Are Best for Long Term Survival?
The best long-term survival food supplies are essential for sustaining energy and nutrition in emergencies.
- Freeze-Dried Meals: These meals are lightweight and have a long shelf life, often lasting 25 years or more. They require minimal preparation, typically needing only hot water to rehydrate, making them convenient for quick consumption during survival situations.
- Canned Foods: Canned goods such as vegetables, fruits, and meats are durable and can last several years when stored properly. They provide a variety of nutrients, and their long shelf life makes them a staple in any long-term survival plan.
- Grains and Legumes: Staples like rice, oats, and dried beans are nutritious and calorie-dense, offering essential carbohydrates and protein. When stored in airtight containers and kept in a cool, dry place, they can last for decades, making them an ideal choice for survival food supplies.
- Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables: These provide essential vitamins and minerals and can last for years if sealed correctly. Dehydrated produce can be added to meals for additional nutrition and flavor, ensuring a balanced diet during extended periods without fresh food.
- Nut Butters: High in protein and healthy fats, nut butters like peanut or almond butter are calorie-rich and have a reasonable shelf life. They can serve as a versatile food source, providing both sustenance and energy when other food options may be limited.
- Honey: With its natural preservatives, honey can last indefinitely without spoiling. It serves as a great source of energy and can be used as a sweetener in various foods, making it a valuable addition to a long-term survival food supply.
- Protein Bars: These compact, nutrient-dense snacks are easy to store and consume while on the go. Many protein bars have a long shelf life and can provide essential nutrients when fresh food is unavailable.
What Gear and Tools Are Must-Haves for Survival Situations?
The must-have gear and tools for survival situations are essential for ensuring safety and sustainability in challenging environments.
- Long Term Survival Backpack: A durable and spacious backpack designed to carry essential gear for extended periods is crucial. It should be made of weather-resistant materials, have multiple compartments for organization, and be comfortable to wear over long distances.
- Water Filtration System: Access to clean water is vital for survival, making a portable water filtration system indispensable. These systems can remove contaminants from natural water sources, allowing you to drink safely without the risk of waterborne diseases.
- Multi-tool: A multi-tool combines several tools into one compact device, including pliers, knives, screwdrivers, and can openers. This versatility allows for various tasks, from preparing food to making repairs, giving you essential tools in a single package.
- Fire Starter: A reliable fire starter, such as a ferrocerium rod or waterproof matches, is essential for creating fire for warmth, cooking, and signaling for help. Fire is a critical survival element, providing heat, light, and the means to purify water.
- First Aid Kit: A comprehensive first aid kit is necessary for addressing injuries and medical issues that may arise in survival situations. It should include bandages, antiseptics, pain relievers, and any personal medications to ensure you can treat common ailments effectively.
- Emergency Food Supply: Having a stash of non-perishable food items, like freeze-dried meals or energy bars, ensures you have sustenance when fresh food is unavailable. These foods are often lightweight, easy to prepare, and have a long shelf life, making them ideal for survival situations.
- Tarp or Emergency Shelter: A tarp can serve as a makeshift shelter, protecting you from rain and providing a place to rest. Lightweight and compact, it can also be used for collecting rainwater, making it a versatile addition to your survival gear.
- Navigation Tools: A compass and map or a GPS device are critical for navigating unfamiliar terrain. Understanding how to use these tools can help you find your way to safety or necessary resources, reducing the risk of getting lost.
- Rope or Paracord: Rope has countless applications in survival situations, from building shelters to securing gear. Paracord is particularly useful due to its strength and versatility, as it can be unraveled for smaller cords when needed.
- Multi-purpose Cooking Equipment: A compact cooking system that can boil water, cook food, and serve as a portable stove is vital for nutrition and warmth. Look for lightweight options that are easy to use and can be fueled by various sources, such as wood or gas.
What Are the Top Brands Known for Long Term Survival Backpacks?
When considering the best long term survival backpacks, several brands stand out for their durability, functionality, and reputation among outdoor enthusiasts.
- 5.11 Tactical: Known for their rugged construction and tactical features, 5.11 Tactical backpacks are designed for serious survivalists and outdoor adventurers. Their backpacks often include modular attachments and various compartments, allowing users to customize their loadout for specific survival scenarios.
- Osprey: Osprey is highly regarded for their comfort and ergonomic designs, making them a favorite among hikers and survivalists. Their long term survival backpacks typically feature a high level of adjustability, ample storage space, and durable materials suitable for prolonged use in the wilderness.
- Maxpedition: Specializing in tactical and outdoor gear, Maxpedition backpacks are built to withstand harsh conditions while providing ample organization. Many of their models include water-resistant fabric, reinforced stitching, and MOLLE webbing for additional gear attachment, making them ideal for long-term survival situations.
- REI Co-op: REI Co-op backpacks are popular for their quality and value, offering a range of options suitable for extended outdoor expeditions. Their long term survival packs often come with features such as hydration reservoirs, multiple pockets for organization, and durable materials that ensure longevity during demanding use.
- Gregory: Gregory backpacks are known for their comfort and innovative designs, making them a top choice for backpackers and survivalists alike. Many models incorporate advanced suspension systems that distribute weight evenly, reducing fatigue during long-term outings, while also providing robust materials that are built to last.
How Much Should You Expect to Spend on a Quality Long Term Survival Backpack?
The cost of a quality long-term survival backpack can vary significantly based on several factors, including brand, materials, and features.
- Entry-Level Backpacks ($50 – $100): These backpacks are typically made from basic materials and may lack advanced features. While they can be suitable for short-term use or beginners, they may not withstand harsh conditions or heavy loads over time.
- Mid-Range Backpacks ($100 – $250): Mid-range options often offer a good balance of quality and price, featuring durable materials, better stitching, and additional compartments. These backpacks are generally more comfortable for long-term wear and can handle a variety of survival situations.
- High-End Backpacks ($250 – $500+): High-end survival backpacks are crafted from premium materials designed for extreme durability and weather resistance. They often include advanced features like hydration systems, modular designs, and adjustable frames, making them ideal for serious survivalists or those planning extended outdoor excursions.
- Custom or Specialty Backpacks ($500+): These backpacks are often tailored to specific needs or environments and can be quite expensive. They may include features like specialized compartments for gear, custom sizing, and unique materials that offer enhanced performance in specific survival scenarios.
What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Selecting a Long Term Survival Backpack?
When selecting the best long term survival backpack, there are several common mistakes to be aware of to ensure you make the best choice for your needs.
- Ignoring Size and Capacity: Many people overlook the importance of size and capacity, opting for a backpack that either cannot hold all necessary supplies or is too large and cumbersome. It’s crucial to choose a size that fits your personal storage needs while allowing for easy transport during extended periods.
- Neglecting Comfort and Fit: Selecting a backpack without trying it on for comfort can lead to issues during long treks. Ensure that the straps are adjustable, the back panel is padded, and the overall fit is snug yet comfortable to avoid strain and fatigue.
- Overlooking Material Quality: Some backpacks may appear appealing but are made from subpar materials that won’t withstand harsh conditions. Look for durable, weather-resistant fabrics and reinforced stitching to ensure your backpack lasts through wear and tear.
- Not Considering Weight Distribution: A common mistake is ignoring how weight is distributed in the backpack. A well-designed pack should have a supportive frame and various compartments to balance the load, which helps reduce fatigue on long journeys.
- Failing to Plan for Accessibility: Organizing gear without considering accessibility can lead to frustration. Opt for a backpack that allows easy access to frequently used items, such as first aid kits or food, without having to unpack everything.
- Choosing Style Over Function: While aesthetics might be tempting, prioritizing style over functionality can lead to poor performance. Focus on features that enhance survival capabilities, such as hydration systems, modular attachments, and external pockets for tools.
- Disregarding Weather Resistance: Many backpacks do not come with adequate weather protection, leading to damaged supplies in wet conditions. Ensure your backpack has waterproofing features or includes a rain cover to safeguard your gear.
- Neglecting Reviews and Recommendations: Skipping research on user reviews and expert recommendations can result in a poor choice. Take time to read feedback from other users about durability, comfort, and usability to make an informed decision.